35 titles of people Academic, civil, military, religious, and professional titles should be lowercased and follow personal names. • Linda C. Niessen, dean • Frederick Lippman, chancellor of the Health Professions Division Do not use courtesy titles such as Mr., Miss, Mrs., or Ms. except in special circumstances. Note this single exception: Dr. Kiran C. Patel and Dr. Pallavi Patel always get the “Dr.’’ in front of their names. See also capitalization and religious titles. titles of works For albums, anthologies/collected works, art works, blog names, books, cartoons/comics, dance performances, pamphlets, periodicals, plays, movies, newspapers, operas, songs, and TV and radio shows, use italics. Capitalize the first and last words and all the principal words, including prepositions and conjunctions of five or more letters. Lowercase a, the, and, or, for, nor, prepositions of less than five letters, and the to in infinitives. Don’t lowercase parts of speech other than those listed here—even if they’re less than five letters. • Gone with the Wind • Free to Be, You and Me • Butterflies Are Free • Christian Science Monitor • Cousin, Cousine • Ally McBeal • All Things Considered For articles, blog posts, chapter headings, episodes of TV or radio shows, essays, papers, patents, photographs, posters, short poems, short stories, treatises, and unpublished written works (e.g., dissertations, theses, manuscripts, and printouts of speeches), use quotation marks instead of italics, and capitalize as above. For titles of apps, awards, book series/editions (e.g., Time/Life), conferences, exhibitions, meetings, panels, presentations, seminars, speeches not written, symposia, TV channels, and website names, do not italicize or use quotation marks. Simply capitalize as previously mentioned. For a more complete discussion of capitalization, see The Chicago Manual of Style. See also magazine names and newspaper names. toll-free (adj.), toll free (adv. phrase) • Call our toll-free number. • BUT You can call us toll free at 800-589-1023. total (noun) The phrase a total of is often redundant. • Five students received awards. • NOT A total of five students received awards. toward, towards As MW recommends, use toward, not towards. The same holds true for other similar combinations, such as backward, inward, and upward. trademarks Trademarks—such as Kleenex, Xerox, and Coke—should be capitalized. Check them in the Trade Names Directory, available in most public libraries. Avoid trademarks altogether when you can; use generic words instead: tissue, photocopy, soda. Some product names—such as thermos, nylon, and jeep—were originally brand names, but have come to be used commonly. Be wary of using these trademark names unless you are referring specifically to that product. • Levi’s/jeans • Jello/gelatin • Medication and drug names such as Prozac, Viagra, and Tylenol • Q-tips/cotton swab • Vaseline/petroleum jelly • Band-Aid/adhesive bandage • Scotch tape/tape
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