KPCOM Student Handbook 2024-2025

24-08-006_KPCOM COVER Updated Aug 5 2024 310
24-08-006_KPCOM OSTEO Handbook Updated Aug 5 2024 308
NSU Fort Lauderdale/Davie Campus Map 308
Appendix 307
Graduation Requirements 305
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 305
Career Advising 305
Academic Advising 304
Graduate Certificate in Social Medicine Program Office 304
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 304
Academic Services 304
Graduate Certificate in Social Medicine Program 304
Curriculum Committee 303
Admissions Committee 303
Program Committees 303
Wallace-Ross Society Award 303
President’s Award 302
Golden Apple Award 302
Graduation with Honors 302
Dean’s Award 302
Honors and Awards 302
Examination Question Challenge 302
Appeals Policy for Grading Disputes 302
Grievances and Appeals 302
Readmission Policy 301
Academic and Behavioral Disciplinary Sanctions 301
F. Cultural Competence 301
Best Practice Guidelines for Online Social Networking 300
Potential Consequences of Online Unprofessional Behavior 299
Online Social Networking: A Brief Definition 299
E. Social Media Guidelines 298
D. Violation of Public Laws 298
2. Makeup Examinations 297
1. Test Day Procedures 296
C. Examinations 296
B. Dress Code 295
A. Attendance 294
Code of Conduct 294
2. Course Reexamination, Remediation, and Retakes 293
1. Grade Calculations 293
B. Academic Standing 293
4. Course Remediation 293
3. Graduation Requirements 292
2. Matriculation 292
1. Academic Records 291
A. General 291
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 291
Student Health Services 291
Academic Advising 291
Advising 290
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 290
Academic Services 290
Program Goals 290
Foundational and Integrated Medical Sciences Program 290
Delta Kappa Omicron (DKO) 289
The Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) Club 289
Student Organizations 289
Graduation with Honors 288
Golden Apple Award 288
Dean’s Award 288
President’s Award 288
Honors and Awards 288
Brief Therapy Institute (BTI) Committee 287
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee 287
Curriculum Committee 287
Admissions Committee 287
Program Committees 287
Institutional Review Board (IRB) 286
Academic Dishonesty 284
Code of Conduct 284
C. Graduation Requirements 283
In Progress (IP) 282
B. Academic Standing 281
3. Academic Progress 279
2. Registering for Courses 278
1. Student Responsibility to Obtain Information 277
A. General 277
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 277
D.M.F.T. Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 276
D.M.F.T. Program Goals (PGs) 276
Program Goals and Student Learning Outcomes 276
Vision 275
Mission Statement 275
Doctor of Marriage and Family Therapy (D.M.F.T.) 275
Ph.D. Program Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 275
Ph.D. Program Goals (PGs) 274
Program Goals and Student Learning Outcomes 274
Vision 274
Mission Statement 274
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Couple and Family Therapy 274
M.S. Program Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 273
M.S. Program Goals (PGs) 273
Program Goals and Student Learning Outcomes 273
Vision 273
Mission Statement 272
Master of Science (M.S.) in Couple and Family Therapy 272
Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellness Coaching Found in the Undergraduate Student Academic Catalog 272
Career Advising 272
Academic Advising 271
Department of Couple and Family Therapy Office 271
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 271
Academic Services 271
Governance of the Program 270
Accreditation 270
Department of Couple and Family Therapy 270
Outstanding Student Dietitian Award 269
Service Award 269
Nutrition Research Award 269
Honors Designation 269
Golden Apple Award 269
Dean’s Award 269
President’s Award 269
Honors and Awards 269
Honors and Awards Committee 268
Program Advisory Board 268
Curriculum Committee 268
Admissions and Advisory Committee 268
Program Committees 268
11. Student Remediation and Retention 267
10. Program Schedule, Vacations, and Holidays 267
9. Meetings and Conferences 267
8. Emergency Operations 267
7. Student Illness at the Practicum Site 266
6. Transportation 266
5. Site Change 266
4. Completion of SP Hours 265
3. Professional Communication 265
2. Technology Access 265
1. Supervision 265
L. Nutrition Practicums for Supervised Practice 264
K. Student Concerns 264
J. Student Identity 263
I. Professionalism 263
H. Graduation Requirements 263
G. Disciplinary/Termination Procedures 262
F. Background Checks and Drug Screening 262
E. Career Counseling 261
D. Assessment of Student Competence 260
C. Assessment of Prior Learning 260
B. Mission and Goals 259
A. Accreditation Statement 259
Professional Practice Concentration (RDN) 259
3. Professional Online Presence 259
2. Dress Code in the Clinical Setting and on Clinical Rotations 258
1. On-Campus Dress Code 257
B. Dress Code 257
A. Attendance 257
Code of Conduct 257
B. Graduation Requirements 256
Assessment of Prior Learning 255
A. General 255
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 255
Program Goals 255
Program Mission 255
Master of Science in Nutrition (M.S.) 255
Undergraduate Student Academic Catalog 254
Mission Statement 254
Bachelor of Science in Human Nutrition 254
Career Advising 254
Academic Advising 253
Department of Nutrition Office 253
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 253
Academic Services 253
Professional Accreditations 252
Vision Statement 252
Department of Nutrition 252
Golden Apple Award 251
Graduation with Honors 251
Dean’s Award 251
President’s Award 251
Honors and Awards 251
Graduation Requirements 250
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 250
Career Advising 249
Academic Advising 249
Program Office 248
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 248
Academic Services 248
Mission Statement 248
Medical Education Program 248
Golden Apple Award 246
Service Award 246
Dean’s Award 246
President’s Award 246
Graduation with Honors 246
Honors and Awards 246
Curriculum Committee 245
Admissions Committee 245
Disaster and Emergency Management Program Committees 245
Graduation Requirements 244
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 244
Career Advising 243
Academic Advising 243
Disaster and Emergency Management Program Office 242
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 242
Academic Services 242
Mission Statement 242
Disaster and Emergency Management Program 242
Student Organizations 241
Service Award 240
Research Award 240
Graduation with Honors 240
Golden Apple Award 240
Dean’s Award 240
President’s Award 240
Honors and Awards 240
Research Committee 239
Program Advisory Committee 239
Curriculum Committee 239
Admissions Committee 239
Program Committees 239
Graduation Requirements 238
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 238
Bachelor of Science in Health Informatics Found in the Undergraduate Student Academic Catalog 237
Career Advising 237
Academic Advising 237
Department of Health Informatics Office 236
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 236
Academic Services 236
Vision 236
Mission Statement 236
Professional Accreditation 236
Department of Health Informatics 236
Student Organizations 235
Delta Omega Honors 235
Golden Apple Award 235
Public Health Research Award 234
Public Health Service Award 234
Dean’s Award 234
President’s Award 234
Graduation with Highest Honors and Honors 234
Honors and Awards 234
Student Progress and Advising Committee (SPAC) 234
Research Committee 233
Evaluations Committee 233
Curriculum Committee 233
Community Advisory Council 233
Admissions Committee 233
Program Committees 233
A. Graduation Requirements 232
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 232
Undergraduate Student Academic Catalog 231
Vision 231
Mission 231
Bachelor of Science in Public Health 231
Career Advising 231
Academic Advising 230
Department of Public Health Office 230
Administration/Faculty Office Hours 230
Academic Services 230
Professional Accreditations 230
Department of Public Health 230
6. Notification of the Appeals Board Decision 228
5. Appeals Board Hearing Process 227
4. Hearings Protocol 227
3. Appeals Board Membership 227
2. Appeals Board Responsibilities 226
1. Appeals Board Hearing Guidelines 226
C. Appeals Board 226
B. Appeals Policy for Grading Disputes 226
A. Nongrade-Related Grievance 225
Grievances and Appeals 225
D. Dismissal 224
C. Suspension 224
B. Probation 223
A. Reprimand 223
Academic and Behavioral Disciplinary Sanctions 223
Student Progress and Advising Committee (SPAC) Academic/Behavioral Standards Meeting Protocols and Process 222
Policies and Procedures for Alleged Code of Conduct Violations 221
G. Drug Screening Policy 220
F. Authenticity/Plagiarism 220
E. Illegal, Inappropriate, and Unprofessional Behavior 219
D. Failure to Report a Violation 219
C. Classroom Behavior 218
B. Attendance 218
A. Academic Dishonesty 218
Code of Conduct 217
5. Remediation Examinations and/or Coursework 217
4. Repeat Course/Grade Replacement 216
3. Incomplete Coursework 216
2. In Progress (IP) 216
1. Student Grades 215
B. Academic Standing 215
21. Concurrent Degree Programs 214
20. Student Support Services 214
19. Student Progress and Advising Committee (SPAC) 214
18. Academic Progress 214
17. Readmission 214
16. Withdrawal from Program 213
15. Leave from Studies 212
14. Withdrawal from a Course 211
13. Drop/Add Period 211
12. Tuition Payment 211
11. Registering for Courses 211
10. Student Files and Information 210
9. Student Concerns 210
8. Student Responsibility to Obtain Information 210
7. Student Identification Numbers and Email Accounts 209
6. Library Skills Policy 209
5. Student Health Insurance 208
4. Disabilities and Academic Accommodations 208
3. Course and Instructor Evaluations 208
2. Addresses 208
1. Academic Records 208
A. General 208
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 208
Core Performance Standards for Admission and Progress—Graduate Degree Programs 205
Graduate Certificate in Social Medicine Program 204
Foundational and Integrated Medical Sciences 204
Couple and Family Therapy 203
Nutrition 203
Medical Education 203
Disaster and Emergency Management 203
Health Informatics 203
Public Health 202
Administration 202
Graduate/Professional Degree Programs 202
Student Activity Groups 201
Student Organizations 201
Technology and Innovation Committee 200
Student Progress Committee (SPC) 200
Strategic Planning Committee 200
Scholarships, Honors, and Awards Committee 200
Research Committee 200
Quality Improvement Committee 200
Policy Review Committee 200
Peer Review Committee for Promotion and Continuing Contracts 199
Patient Safety Committee 199
Medical Outreach Programs Committee 199
KPCOM Connect Committee 199
Infectious Disease Committee 199
Gold Humanism Honor Society Committee 199
Faculty Credentials Committee 198
Faculty Interview Committee 198
Faculty Council 198
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee 198
Dean’s Council 198
Continuing Education and Faculty Development Committee 198
Appeals Board 198
Admissions Committee 197
Academic Curriculum Committee 197
College Committees, Councils, and Boards 197
KPCOM Awards and Scholarships 196
Senior Awards 193
Graduation with Honors 193
Academic Honors 193
Student Honors, Awards, and Scholarships 193
6. Notification of the Appeals Board Decision 193
5. Appeals Board Hearing Process 192
4. Hearings Protocol 192
3. Appeals Board Membership 192
2. Appeals Board Responsibilities 191
1. Appeals Board Hearing Guidelines 191
C. Appeals Board 191
3. Rotation Grade 191
2. Course Grades, Including Examination and Assignment Grades 190
1. Examination Question Challenge 190
B. Grievances Related to Grades 190
A. Grievances Not Related to Grades 189
Grievances and Appeals 189
E. Readmission Policy 188
D. Dismissal 188
C. Suspension 187
2. Professional/Behavioral Probation 186
1. Academic Probation 185
B. Probation 185
A. Warning 185
Academic and Behavioral Disciplinary Sanctions 184
B. Student Progress Committee Meeting Protocols and Process 183
A. Alleged Violations and Complaints 183
Policies and Procedures for Alleged Violations of the Code of Behavioral Conduct 183
M. Drug Testing Policies 182
L. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice 181
K. Cultural Competence 181
Best Practice Guidelines for Online Social Networking 180
Potential Consequences of Online Unprofessional Behavior 179
Online Social Networking: A Brief Definition 179
J. Social Media Guidelines 179
I. Failure to Report a Violation 179
H. Violation of Public Laws 178
G. Illegal, Inappropriate, and Unprofessional Behavior 178
6. USMLE Examination Guidelines 178
5. Board Examinations 174
4. Emergencies During Examinations 173
3. Makeup Examinations 172
2. Examinations Administered Virtually 172
1. In-Person Test Day Procedures 170
F. Examinations 170
3. Zoom Meetings/Remote Testing Dress Code 169
2. Dress Code in the Clinical Setting and on Clinical Rotations 168
1. On-Campus Dress Code 167
E. Dress Code 167
5. Practicing of Medicine 166
4. Title and Salutations 166
3. Student Involvement on Clinical Rotations 166
2. Student Behavior on Clinical Rotations 166
1. Classroom Behavior 165
D. Behavior 165
3. For Medical Outreach Trips 165
2. For M3 and M4 Rotations 162
1. For M1 and M2 Courses of Study 161
C. Attendance 161
B. Academic Dishonesty 161
A. Professional Conduct 160
Code of Behavioral Conduct 160
2. Withdrawal from a Course 159
1. Withdrawal from the College 159
I. Withdrawal 159
6. Leave of Absence/Administrative Break in Enrollment Records 159
5. Return from a Leave of Absence or an Administrative Break in Enrollment 158
4. Communication with KPCOM during a Leave of Absence or an Administrative Break in Enrollment 158
3. Course Status during an Administrative Break in Enrollment 157
2. Administrative Break in Enrollment (ABE) 157
1. Leave of Absence (LOA) 156
H. Leave from Studies 156
7. In Progress Rotation Policy 156
6. Rotation Failures, Reevaluation, Remediation, and Dismissal Appeal Process 156
5. Rotation Failures 155
4. NBOME COMLEX Examination Failures 155
3. Eligibility for Remediation 153
2. Course Failures 153
1. Course Examination Failures 153
G. Academic Deficiencies 153
3. Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) 152
2. Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) 152
1. Match Participation—National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) 152
F. Transitioning to Graduate Medical Education 152
8. Meals at Clinical Training Sites 152
7. Housing for Rural Rotations 151
6. M3 and M4—Rural and Urban Underserved Medicine Rotations 150
5. Virtual Rotations 150
4. M4 Selective and Elective Rotations 148
3. M3 and M4 Core Rotations 148
2. Core Campus Site/Clinical Training Site Selection Process 147
1. Clinical Rotations/Core Clinical Campus 147
E. Clinical Education 147
11. During M3 and M4 Years, Predoctoral Osteopathic Principles and Practice and Research Fellowships 146
10. Learning Outcomes Assessment Plan During M1 and M2 Years 145
9. Matriculation into M4 Year 145
8. Course Completion and Promotion 145
7. Clinical Rotation Reporting on Transcript 144
6. Clinical Rotation Grading 142
5. Preclinical Course Remediation 140
4. Preclinical Course Reexamination 140
3. Preclinical Grade Calculations 140
2. Student Grades 139
1. Recusal of Academic Assessment 137
D. Grading and Academic Promotion 137
4. Satisfactory Academic Progress 137
3. Matriculation and Continuous Enrollment 137
2. M3 and M4 Course Years of Study, Predoctoral Osteopathic Principles and Practice and Research Fellowships 136
1. M1 and M2 Course Years of Study 135
C. Academic Standing 135
3. Degree Conferral/Graduation 135
2. Commencement Ceremony Participation 135
1. Requirements 134
B. Graduation 134
8. Tuition Payment 134
7. Funding of Student Travel to Represent the KPCOM 133
6. Library Skills 132
5. American Heart Association Certification Requirements 132
4. Course and Instructor Evaluations 131
3. Academic Records 131
2. Student Responsibility to Obtain Information 130
1. Student Contact Information 130
A. General 130
Academic and Curriculum Policies and Procedures 130
D. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 130
2. For Clinical Training 129
1. Prior to Matriculation 129
C. Background Investigation and Screening 129
6. Anatomy Lab Personal Protective Equipment 129
5. Incidents of Exposure to Contagious Diseases 129
4. Student Behavioral/Mental Health Counseling 128
3. Student Health Services 127
2. Student Health and Safety Requirements for Clinical Training 126
1. Immunizations and Physical Examination Requirements 125
B. Student Health 125
3. Administration/Faculty Office Hours 124
2. Career Counseling/Advising 124
1. Academic Advising 123
A. Advising 123
KPCOM Office of Medical Education 122
KPCOM Office of Student Affairs 122
Academic Services and Student Support 122
Sensory 121
Tactile 121
Visual 121
Hearing 121
Strength and Mobility 120
Motor Skills 120
Interpersonal Communication 120
Intellectual, Conceptual, Integrative, and Qualitative Abilities 119
Core Performance Standards for Admission and Progress—Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Program 119
Accreditation Standards and Grievance Procedures 118
Professional Accreditation 118
Program Goals 117
Mission Statement 117
Office of Graduate Medical Education 117
Office of Clinical Education 117
Office of Preclinical Education 116
Administration 116
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Program 116
Yearly Fees and Expenses 115
Reservation of Power 114
Mission Statement 114
Administration 111
Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine 111
Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine 109
College-Specific Policies and Procedures 109
Visits to Other Institutions 108
Visitors 108
Cell Phones, Computers, Tablets, and Electronic Devices 108
Affirmative Opt-Out Required 108
Student Insurance Requirement 107
Student Employment 107
Student Assistance Program 106
Social Events and Extracurricular Activities 105
Security Checks 105
Return of University Property 105
Postexposure Policies and Procedures 104
Photographs and Recordings 104
Parking Lot/Garage 104
Notices, Messages, and Posters 103
Email 103
Identification Requirements and Fieldwork Prerequisites 103
Food in the Lecture Halls, Laboratories, and Clinics 103
Dress Code 103
Urine Drug Screen 102
Immunization Requirements 101
Certificate of Physical Examination 101
Health Forms Requirements 101
Background Checks 100
Acceptance of Professional Fees 100
HPD Policies and Procedures 100
Student Lounge/Student Area 99
Computer Laboratories 99
Lost and Found 99
Tampa Bay Regional Campus Library 98
Martin and Gail Press Health Professions Division Library 96
Short-Term Preloans 96
Tuition Credit Policy—Voluntary Drops and Withdrawals 95
Charges and Payments 95
Building Hours 95
Health Professions Division 95
Health Professions Division 93
Division-Specific Policies and Procedures 93
Accreditation 91
Colleges and Academic Units 90
University Administrators 88
Writing and Communication Center (WCC) 87
Wireless Networking 87
University Libraries 86
Title IX/Sexual Misconduct 86
Shark Dining Services 85
SharkPrint 85
SharkCard Services 84
Office of University Housing 84
Office of Innovation and Information Technology 84
NSU Public Safety Department 83
Student Medical Center 83
NSU Health 83
NSU Athletics 82
NSU Alumni Association 82
Military Affairs Veterans Resource Center 81
Mako Media Network 81
One-Stop Shop 81
Office of the University Registrar 81
Office of the University Bursar 81
Tutoring and Testing Center 81
Student Activity Fee Accounts Office 80
Office of Undergraduate Admissions 80
Office of Student Success 80
Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement 80
Office of Student Disability Services 80
Office of Student Conduct 79
Office of Student Affairs Marketing 79
Office of Student Affairs at the Regional Campuses 79
Office of Residence Life 79
Office of Recreation and Wellness 78
Office of International Affairs 78
Office of Financial Aid 78
Office of Campus Life and Student Engagement 77
Center for Student Counseling and Well-Being 77
Center for Academic and Professional Success 76
Enrollment Management and Student Affairs (EMSA) 76
Campus Shuttle 76
Bookstore 76
ATMs 75
NSU Resources and Administrative Offices 75
E.2 Nonacademic Grievance Procedure 75
E.1 Grievance Procedure for Discrimination Based on Disability 70
E. Additional Grievance Procedures Available 70
D.5 University Title IX/Sexual Misconduct Disciplinary Procedures 69
D.4 Administrative Judicial Proceeding 66
D.3 Judicial Conference 64
D.2 Student Judicial Resolution (SJR) 63
D.1 Introduction 61
D. University Disciplinary Procedures 61
C. University Title IX/Sexual Misconduct Policy 59
B.48 Worthless Checks 59
B.47 Violation of Disciplinary Status/Conditions 59
B.46 Video and/or Audio Copyright Violation 58
B.45 Unauthorized Recording 58
B.44 Unauthorized Possession of University Property 58
B.43 Unauthorized Entry 58
B.42 Theft or Unauthorized Possession 58
B.41 Fraternity and Sorority Life Manual/Policies 58
B.40 Stalking 57
B.39 Solicitation 57
B.38 Smoking/Tobacco-Free Policy 57
B.37 Retaliation 57
B.36 University Housing and Residence Life Policies and Procedures 56
B.35 Requests or Orders 56
B.34 Removal or Ejection from a University-Sponsored Event 56
B.33 RecWell Center Policies and Procedures 56
B.32 Plagiarism 56
B.31 Parking and Motor Vehicle Policy 55
B.30 Online/Internet Social Networking Usage 55
B.29 Noise 55
B.28 Misuse of Computers or Telecommunications (Technology) 55
B.27 Littering/Projecting Objects 55
B.26 Lake Swimming 55
B.25 Interference with University Investigations, Disciplinary Proceedings, or Records 54
B.24 Identification Cards 54
B.23 Health and Safety 53
B.22 Hazing 53
B.21 Hate-Based Conduct Violations 53
B.20 Harassment or Harm to Others 53
B.19 Guests 52
B.18 Gambling and/or Games of Chance 52
B.17 Fire 52
B.16 False Information (Including Fabrication, Fraud, and Falsification of Records) 52
B.15 Failure to Disclose Criminal Offenses 51
B.14 Facilitating Academic Dishonesty 51
B.13 Emergency Equipment and Procedures 51
B.12 Drugs, Drug Paraphernalia 50
B.11 Distributing or Posting Printed Media 50
B.10 Disorderly Conduct 50
B.9 Dangerous Items 49
B.8 Damage or Vandalism to Property 49
B.7 Contracting on Behalf of the University 49
B.6 Complicity 49
B.5 Cheating 49
B.4 Bribery 49
B.3 Assault/Violence 49
B.2 Animals 48
B.1 Alcoholic Beverages 48
B. Specific Conduct Violations 47
A.18 Bathroom Policy 47
A.17 University Title IX/Sexual Misconduct Policy 46
A.16 University Copyright and Patent Policy 46
A.15 University Computer and Telecommunications Use Policy 43
A.14 Student Organization Rights and Responsibilities 42
A.13 Off-Campus Residency 42
A.12 Jurisdiction of University Policies and Procedures 41
A.11 International Travel Registration Requirement and Program 41
A.10 Leave of Absence Policy 41
A.9 Indebtedness to the University 39
A.8 Image Use Statement 39
A.7 Student Account Holds 38
A.6 Health Policies 36
A.5 Flexibility in Policies 36
A.4 Excused Absences for Participation in Cocurricular Activities 36
A.3 Drug-Free Schools and Campuses 34
A.2 Appropriate Conduct and Consensual Relationships Policy 34
A.1 Alcohol Policy 32
A. General Administrative Policies and Guidelines 32
NSU Interfaith Work-Restricted Religious Holiday Calendar 30
NSU University-Wide Religious Holiday Policy 29
Conduct Standards 29
Academic Inactivity Policy 29
Academic Standards 27
Code of Student Conduct and Academic Responsibility 26
Degree Limits Policy 26
Degree Conferral Policy 26
Health Care Privacy (HIPAA) Statement 25
Deceased Student Records 25
Conduct Notifications 24
Release of Student Information 24
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) 23
University Equal Opportunity/Nondiscrimination Policy 21
Statement on Student Rights and Responsibilities 21
Nova Southeastern University 19
Policies and Procedures 19
NSU Core Values 17
Mission Statement 16
Vision 2025 Statement 16
University Vision Statement, Mission Statement, and Core Values 16
Reservation of Power 15
Foreword 14
Foreword/Reservation of Power 14
Message from the President 13

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