Health Professions Division Dissertation Guide

36 Setting Data collection usually occurs in real-world, naturalistic settings with high potential for information richness. Clearly describe the setting from which the sample will be recruited and in which the data will be collected. Start large and then taper to the exact spot. Sampling Plan Purposive sampling methods are the sampling strategies for qualitative studies. There are several variations of purposive sampling, including maximum variation sampling, typical case, extreme (deviant), reputational case, critical case, criterion sampling, and others. Describe which type of purposive technique will be (or was) employed. Participants The demographic portion of the research instrument should have questions that will assure that individuals are eligible to be participants. Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Sample Size Sample size estimation is based on previous experience, pilot work, and methodology. Typically, data are collected until the candidate reaches the point of saturation, or in which no new information is noted in the responses. However, final sampling decisions take place during the data collection. Qualitative research samples typically do not exceed 50 participants. For example, ethnography has approximately 25 to 50 participants, phenomenology approximately 10 or less, and grounded theory approximately 20 to 30. In the IRB application, provide a sample range that the candidate anticipates. Protection of Human Subjects The IRB considers this section very carefully. Specify if the data will be confidential (not anonymous). The explanation must include how the candidate will protect the privacy of the participants and address any risks or benefits that might result from participation. The NSU IRB Web site provides clear instructions. Risks and Benefits of Participation If the candidate plans to give some sort of gift, it is an honorarium. It should be small so as not to be considered coercion. Under risks, include if there may be some sort of psychological discomfort related to the questions and/or responses and how the risks will be handled. Data Storage The IRB requires data be stored separately from any identifiers if the candidates have them. Data are saved in a locked file cabinet in the investigator’s home and on the investigator’s home computer that is password protected for 3 years, and then, survey instruments are destroyed by shredding, computer files are erased, and computer storage (such as CDs) are destroyed. Explain who will have access to data.